{"id":15328,"date":"2020-02-09T16:27:36","date_gmt":"2020-02-09T14:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/?p=15328"},"modified":"2020-02-11T12:03:36","modified_gmt":"2020-02-11T10:03:36","slug":"pyrucet-idealabs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/pyrucet-idealabs\/","title":{"rendered":"PYRUCET - \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\/\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf-\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 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\u0413\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\n\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 GSH. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043e-\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 GSH \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430! \u041f\u043e-\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0430 (\u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/produkt\/pyrucet\/\">Pyrucet<\/a><\/strong> ) \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u044a\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 3-4 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0438<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b-\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u0418 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435 50% \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0430 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/produkt\/pyrucet\/\">Pyrucet<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\n\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d. \u0412\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\n\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440. \u0412 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0438 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b-\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0442\n\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442-\u0434\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430 ( PDH), \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0430\n\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 PDH \u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\n\u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0442, \u0440\u0430\u043a, \u0434\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431 \u0438\n\u0431\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u044a\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u044a\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0440. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0414\u0438\u0445\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442 (DCA) \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442\n\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043e-\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 PDK (\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442-\u0434\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430), \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0430\u043c\n\u0440\u0435-\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 PDH\n(\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442-\u0434\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430). \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0430\n\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 PDH \u0438 \u0441\u0430 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\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0440, \u0438\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d, \u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\n\u0434\u0440. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043a\u044a\u0442 \u0441 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u044a\u043b\u044a\u0433, \u0430\n\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e. \u0415\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430,\n\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0449\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449 \u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u043e\n\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443\n\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438, \u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\n\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\n\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e\n\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 (\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432\n\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f). \u0412\u0441\u044a\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442,&nbsp;\n\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b-\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0438 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043e-\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 FDA (\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\n\u0421\u0410\u0429) \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u201e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u201c. \u0412\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\n\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\n\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435, \u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0447 \u0432 \u043f\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\n\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\n*******************************************************************************<br>\n<strong>Pyrucet<\/strong> \u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\n\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\/\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043e-\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u0447\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\n\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435-\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\n\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0441 : \u0433\u043b\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c, \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0430\n\u0410\u0422\u0424, \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430, \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0431\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u044a\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043e,\n\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431, \u043c\u043e\u0437\u044a\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0430, \u0436\u043b\u044a\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br> <br> <br> http<a href=\"https:\/\/raypeatforum.com\/community\/threads\/pyrucet-liquid-ethyl-pyruvate-aceatoacetate-mix.27487\/\">s:\/\/raypeatforum.com\/community\/threads\/pyrucet-liquid-ethyl-pyruvate-aceatoacetate-mix.27487\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/handpicked-products\" data-edit-mode=\"false\" data-products=\"[15040]\" class=\"wc-block-grid wp-block-handpicked-products wp-block-woocommerce-handpicked-products wc-block-handpicked-products has-3-columns has-multiple-rows\"><ul class=\"wc-block-grid__products\"><li class=\"wc-block-grid__product\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/produkt\/pyrucet\/\" class=\"wc-block-grid__product-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wc-block-grid__product-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/woocommerce-placeholder-450x450.png\" class=\"woocommerce-placeholder wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/woocommerce-placeholder-450x450.png 450w, https:\/\/xenobg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/woocommerce-placeholder-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/xenobg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/woocommerce-placeholder-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/xenobg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/woocommerce-placeholder-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/xenobg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/woocommerce-placeholder-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/xenobg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/woocommerce-placeholder-1030x1030.png 1030w, https:\/\/xenobg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/woocommerce-placeholder-610x610.png 610w, https:\/\/xenobg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/woocommerce-placeholder.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wc-block-grid__product-title\">Pyrucet<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wc-block-grid__product-price price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\">38.35<span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">&euro;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-button wc-block-grid__product-add-to-cart\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/produkt\/pyrucet\/\" aria-label=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 &ldquo;Pyrucet&rdquo;\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"15040\" data-product_sku=\"\" data-price=\"38.35\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"wp-block-button__link  add_to_cart_button\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<p><br>\nReferences:<br>\n<br>\n1. Miscellaneous<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6537353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mutagenic\ninvestigation of flavourings: dimethyl succinate, ethyl pyruvate and aconitic\nacid are negative in the Salmonella\/mammalian-microsome test. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1521830\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A 28-day\nfeeding study with ethyl acetoacetate in rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29355144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate improves skin flap survival after ischaemia reperfusion injury. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29259719\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Roles of\nnitric oxide and ethyl pyruvate after peripheral nerve injury. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026 Due to poor solubility and stability, therapeutic potential of pyruvate is\nlimited. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is now considered as a suitable replacement of\npyruvate. In this paper, we will try to focus the effect of NO and EP in\nSchwann cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, nerve degeneration, and\nregeneration during Wallerian degeneration (WD) of peripheral nerve injury\nalong with their neuroprotective effects, cardiovascular functioning, support\nin hepatic complication, etc.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28427942\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Inhibitory\neffects of ethyl pyruvate on platelet aggregation and phosphatidylserine\nexposure. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a stable lipophilic pyruvate derivative. Studies\ndemonstrated that EP shows potent anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and\nanti-coagulant effects. Inflammation and coagulation are closely interacted\nwith platelet activation.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acetoacetic_acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acetoacetic\nacid &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><br>\n&#8222;&#8230;Acetoacetic acid (also diacetic acid) is the organic compound with the\nformula CH3COCH2COOH. It is the simplest beta-keto acid group, and like other\nmembers of this class, it is unstable. The methyl and ethyl esters, which are\nquite stable, are produced on a large scale industrially as precursors to\ndyes.&#8220;<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27980458\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate is a novel anti-inflammatory agent to treat multiple inflammatory\norgan injuries. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22348679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate for the treatment of acetaminophen intoxication: alternative to\nN-acetylcysteine? &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026Pyruvate, however, is unstable in aqueous solutions due to a rapid aldol-like\ncondensation reaction forming parapyruvate, a potent inhibitor of the Krebs\ncycle blocking the \u03b1-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase [7]. This problem can be\ncircumvented by using the ethanol ester of pyruvate (that is, EP) &#8211; the effects\nof which qualitatively resemble that of pyruvate, but which only require molar\ndoses that are lower by one to two orders of magnitude [7]. In addition to the\nproperties of pyruvate, EP also exerts anti-apoptotic effects, increases heme\noxygenase-1 expression, attenuates peroxynitrite-related DNA damage, and\nstabilizes the hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 via stimulation of the Krebs cycle.\u201d<br>\n\u201c\u2026Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple derivative of pyruvic acid, which is an\nimportant endogenous metabolite that can scavenge reactive oxygen species\n(ROS). Treatment with EP is able to ameliorate systemic inflammation and\nmultiple organ dysfunctions in multiple animal models, such as acute\npancreatitis, alcoholic liver injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome\n(ARDS), acute viral myocarditis, acute kidney injury and sepsis. Recent studies\nhave demonstrated that prolonged treatment with EP can ameliorate experimental\nulcerative colitis and slow multiple tumor growth. It has become evident that\nEP has pharmacological anti-inflammatory effect to inhibit multiple early\ninflammatory cytokines and the late inflammatory cytokine HMGB1 release, and\nthe anti-tumor activity is likely associated with its anti-inflammatory effect.\nEP has been tested in human volunteers and in a clinical trial of patients\nundergoing cardiac surgery in USA and shown to be safe at clinical relevant\ndoses\u2026\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21389621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Higher\nhypochlorous acid scavenging activity of ethyl pyruvate compared to its sodium\nsalt. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026The potential effect of ethanol was also evaluated, and hypochlorous acid was\nused as an oxidant. Our data indicate the concentration-dependent scavenging\npotency of both sodium and ethyl pyruvate, with the ester having higher\nactivity. This effect was not related to the presence of ethanol. Better\nprotection of the liver homogenate by ethyl pyruvate was also apparent, despite\nthe fact that cell membrane transport was omitted.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18443482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a><br>\n\u201c\u2026This ester was originally regarded as a way to administer pyruvate, while\navoiding some of the problems associated with the instability of pyruvate in\naqueous solutions. Increasingly, however, it is becoming apparent that certain\npyruvate esters, including ethyl pyruvate, have pharmacological effects, such\nas suppression of inflammation, which are distinct from those exerted by\npyruvate anion. Ethyl pyruvate has been tested in human volunteers and shown to\nbe safe at clinically relevant doses. Ethyl pyruvate is a simple molecule that\nhas been shown to have salutary effects in numerous large and small animal\nmodels of critical illness. It remains to be determined whether this ester can\nbe used successfully to treat human diseases.\u201d<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n2. Metabolism<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/5497217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Inhibition\nof free fatty acid oxidation by acetoacetate in normal dogs. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EA)<br>\n\u201c\u2026The rate of turnover and oxidation of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) waa\nmeasured in 7 normal anaesthetized dogs infused at a constant rate with\n1-W-palmitate for 5 h. After a control period, sustained hyperketonaemia was\ninduced by infusing sodium aceto-acetate (AA). This produced a fall in plasma\nFFA (33%) and in blood sugar (24%), without changes in immuno-reactive insulin\n(IRI) concentrations. During the control period, the turnover rate of carbon of\nFFA averaged 131 uat.C\/kg\/min, 32% of which were oxidized, thus supplying 17.7%\nof the total CO, production. At the end of the AA infusion, the mean turnover\nrate of FFA was reduced to 75 uat. C\/kg\/min; since only 13.9% of these were\noxidized, the contribution of FFA to total CO, production was reduced to 4.3%\n.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14481944\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effect\nof pyruvate and acetoacetate on the metabolism of fatty acids by the perfused\nrat heart. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA + P)<br>\n\u201c\u2026About 75% of the fatty acids removed were oxidized to carbon dioxide\naccounting, at this concentration of fatty acids in the perfusate, for 37% of\noxygen consumption of the heart\u2026In the presence of 10mM pyruvate or\nacetoacetate, the uptake of fatty acids from the medium was reduced\napproximately 50% and the oxidation of the extracted acids was reduced further\nso that only 25% of the fatty acids oxidized by the control group appeared as\ncarbon dioxide in the presence of competing substrate\u2026The competing substrates,\nthus, contributed 75%-85% to the fuel of the respiration and reduced the\ncontribution of the fatty acids to 8%-9% of the total respiration of the\nheart\u2026It may be of considerable interest to examine the competition between\npyruvate and free fatty acid over a range of concentrations bracketing\nphysiological concentrations of both substances\u2026Both acetoacetate and pyruvate\ncan enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle without resort to a kinase, and this may\nbe one reason why they compete successfully with fatty acids which require the\naction of adenosine triphosphate and a thiokinase.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14249143\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EFFECT\nOF CARNITINE ON THE OXIDATION OF ALPHA-OXOGLUTARATE TO SUCCINATE IN THE\nPRESENCE OF ACETOACETATE OR PYRUVATE. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/3999980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Inhibition\nof palmitoylcarnitine oxidation by pyruvate in rat heart mitochondria. &#8211; PubMed\n&#8211; NCBI<\/a> (P)<br>\n\u201c\u2026The oxidation of 1 -\u20184C-palmitoylcarnitine by rat heart mitochondria has bean\nmeasured by assessing both the disappearance of substrata and the appearance of\nlabelled products. Pyruvate inhibited palmitoylcarnitine oxidation by about\n40%. Fifty percent inhibition occurred at about 20 umol\/L pyruvate. The\ninhibitory effect of pyruvate required entry of pyruvate into mitochondria\nsince it did not occur in the presence of a-cyano4hydroxycinnamic acid, an\ninhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate transporter. \u201c<br>\n\u201c\u2026Earlier work by Olson and by Evans et al had demonstrated significant\ninhibition (40% to 50%) of palmitate oxidation in the retrogradely perfused\nheart by lactate and by pyruvate. In addition, experiments by Harris et al5 and\nby Hirche and Langor have shown that lactate could compete effectively with\nfatty acids for oxidation by the heart in vivo. These observations have led us\nto investigate the possible inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by pyruvate in\nisolated rat heart mitochondria. We have demonstrated a significant inhibition\nof fatty acid oxidation by pyruvate.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1811059\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fatty\nacid accumulation during ischemia and reperfusion: effects of pyruvate and\nPOCA, a carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (P)<br>\n\u201c\u2026During reperfusion, however, the tissue FA level dramatically increases,\nindicating that the inhibitory effects of pyruvate and POCA on FA utilization\nare additive. Pyruvate is known to activate pyruvate dehydrogenase and, hence,\nto stimulate its own conversion to acetyl-CoA (Kobayashi and Neely, 1983). As a\nconsequence, the availability of mitochondrial free CoA will be diminished and\nbeta-oxidation becomes inhibited (Brosnan and Reid, 1985). In this manner\npyruvate probably inhibits the removal of FAs released from endogenous lipid\npools during reperfusion.\u201d<br>\n\u201c\u2026In summary, the present findings show that POCA and pyruvate markedly\nincrease the FA content of reperfused hearts, most likely through inhibition of\nthe oxidation of FAs released from endogenous lipid pools.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/838728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studies on\ninactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by palmitoylcarnitine oxidation in\nisolated rat heart mitochondria. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (P)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25701336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Single\npyruvate intake induces blood alkalization and modification of resting metabolism\nin humans. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (P)<br>\n\u201c\u2026CONCLUSION: Pyruvate intake induced mild alkalization in a sex-dependent\nfashion. Moreover, it accelerated carbohydrate metabolism and delayed the rate\nof glycerol appearance in the blood, but had no effect on the resting energy\nexpenditure. Furthermore, sodium salt seems to have had a greater effect on the\nblood buffering level than calcium salt.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21802492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Supplementation\nof pyruvate prevents palmitate-induced impairment of glucose uptake in C2\nmyotubes. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (P)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9074701\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pyruvate\nreverses fatty-acid-induced depression of ventricular function and calcium\noverload after hypothermia in guinea pig hearts. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (P)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/4331324\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The\naction of pyruvate on ethanol oxidation by intact isolated liver cells. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (P)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13816296\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stimulation\nby acetoacetate of DPNH oxidation by liver mitochondria. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13816295\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effect\nof acetoacetate on the oxidation of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide by\nintact rat liver mitochondria. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n\u201c\u2026The oxidation of DPNH (NADH) by intact rat liver mitochondria, isolated in\n0.25 M sucrose or 2.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone-0.25 M sucrose, was found to be\nstimulated 4 to 6 times by catalytic quantities (0.3 to 1.0 uM) of acetoacetate\nor D-b-hydroxybutyrate. Coupled phosphorylation was also stimulated, with P:O\nratios in the range of 1.5 to 2.2. The increased respiration was completely\ninhibited by Amytal and antimycin A, and phosphate uptake abolished by\n2,4-dinitrophenol. Catalytic quantities of succinate, a-ketoglutarate, malate,\ncitrate, glutamate, and pyruvate stimulated the endogenous respiration, but had\nno effect on DPNH oxidation.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13485090\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acetoacetate\ninduced dehydroascorbic acid accumulation in blood and tissues and its\nprevention by glucose-cyclo-acetoacetate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n\u201c\u2026The effect of acetoacetate injections in doses of 500 mg\/kg on ascorbic and\ndehydroascorbic acid contents of blood and tissues, and their excretion in\nurine, was studied. 2. Animals injected with aceto-acetate excrete more\ndehydroascorbic acid and less ascorbic acid. Their tissues (liver, kidney,\nspleen and adrenal) also accumulate more dehydroascorbic acid, and the amount\nof ascorbic acid in them is diminished. 3. Glucose-cyclo-acetoacetate or its\nhydrolysed product has been found to prevent this increased accumulation of\ndehydroascorbic acid in blood and tissues. 4. Acetoacetate has been shown to\ncause oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid in vitro in presence\nof a few drops of CuSO4 solution at a faster rate than that in the control. 5.\nThe mechanism for prevention of acetoacetate induced accumulation of\ndehydroascorbic acid by hydrolysed glucose-cyclo-acetoacetate has been\nsuggested.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13032097\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Progressive\ndepletion in the reduced glutathione content of the blood following\nacetoacetate injections. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a><br>\n\u201c\u2026The experimental data presented indicate that acetoacetate causes a fall in\nthe blood GSH content, although it is not as sharp and rapid as is reported in\nthe case of alloxan (Leech &amp; Bailey, 1945). It is only natural that this\nshould be so since acetoacetate is an intermediary fat metabolite which\nnormally occurs in very minute proportions in the system. Repeated daily\ninjection brings the blood GSH value to zero in 3-5 days, less time being\nrequired with higher dose.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14569076\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Evidence\nthat glutathione depletion is a mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory\neffects of ethyl pyruvate in cultured lipopolysaccharide-s&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026Although NAC increased GSH levels, EP had the opposite effect. The\nanti-inflammatory effects of EP were partially reversed when RAW 264.7 cells\nwere treated with a cell-permeable GSH analog, glutathione ethyl ester. These\ndata support the view that the anti-inflammatory effects of EP are mediated, at\nleast in part, by the ability of EP to deplete cellular GSH stores. Moreover,\nthe findings presented here suggest that an unusual combination of biochemical\neffects (inhibition of lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion) might account for\nthe anti-inflammatory effects of EP.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13061411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effect\nof acetoacetate upon utilization of carbohydrate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15305018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hypochlorous\nacid inhibition by acetoacetate: implications on neutrophil functions. &#8211; PubMed\n&#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12709664\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Osmotonicity\nof acetoacetate: possible implications for cerebral edema in diabetic\nketoacidosis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1898011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acetoacetate\nand malate effects on succinate and energy production by O2-deprived liver\nmitochondria supplied with 2-oxoglutarate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/3238802\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[The\neffect of acetoacetate on 3-hydroxybutyrate oxidation by rat liver\nmitochondria]. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/4259412\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The\neffect of acetoacetate on plasma insulin concentration. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23857218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effect\nof ethyl pyruvate on skeletal muscle metabolism in rats fed on a high fat diet.\n&#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21106878\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate preserves IGF-I sensitivity toward mTOR substrates and protein\nsynthesis in C2C12 myotubes. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20338685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha via stimulation of the TCA\ncycle. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18821148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia in rats. &#8211; PubMed\n&#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n3. Inflammation\/Endotoxin\/Sepsis\/Trauma<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17430122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate: a novel treatment for sepsis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17391109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate: a novel anti-inflammatory agent. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15181417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate: a novel treatment for sepsis and shock. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28987932\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates inflammatory arthritis in mice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28965011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anti-encephalitogenic\neffects of ethyl pyruvate are reflected in the central nervous system and the\ngut. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28863323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reverses development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia during\nsepsis-induced immunosuppression. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27865166\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate inhibits the acetylation and release of HMGB1 via effects on\nSIRT1\/STAT signaling in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal mac&#8230; &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27567422\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects\nof insulin combined with ethyl pyruvate on inflammatory response and oxidative\nstress in multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome rats with seve&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27085456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects\nof N-acetylcysteine and ethyl pyruvate on ischemia-reperfusion injury in\nexperimental electrical burn model. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26966369\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate protects against sepsis by regulating energy metabolism. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the administration of EP significantly\nimproved the survival rate and reduced intestinal histological alterations. EP\ninhibited the plasma levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and\nincreased the IL-10 level. EP significantly inhibited the elevation of the\nmalondialdehyde, lactate, and lactate\/pyruvate levels and enhanced the total\nantioxidative capacity levels in the liver tissues. The downregulation of the\nadenosine triphosphate (ATP), total adenylate, and energy charge levels in the\nliver tissues was reversed in the septic mice treated with EP. CONCLUSION:<br>\nThe results suggest that EP administration effectively modulates the energy\nmetabolism, which may be an important component in treatment of sepsis.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26339342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reduces hepatic mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction in a rat model\nof sepsis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26222821\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects\nof ethyl pyruvate on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the mesenteric\nmicrocirculation during early sepsis treatment. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25681468\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate attenuates murine allergic rhinitis partly by decreasing high mobility\ngroup box 1 release. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25681336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A\ncomparative analysis of multiple sclerosis-relevant anti-inflammatory\nproperties of ethyl pyruvate and dimethyl fumarate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026Production of two other proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF, and NO was\nsuppressed by EP in macrophages and microglia. Reactive oxygen species production\nin macrophages, microglia activation, and the development of Ag-presenting\nphenotype in microglia and macrophages were constrained by EP. The release of\nIL-6 was reduced in astrocytes. Finally, EP inhibited the activation of\ntranscription factor NF-\u03baB in microglia and astrocytes. Most of these effects\nwere also found for DMF, implying that EP and DMF share common targets and\nmechanisms of action. Importantly, EP had in vivo impact on experimental\nautoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Treatment with EP resulted\nin delay and shortening of the first relapse, and lower clinical scores,\nwhereas the second attack was annihilated. Further studies on the possibility\nto use EP as an MS therapeutic are warranted.\u201d<br>\n\u201c\u2026Our results speak in favor of this possibility. Maybe the most favorable\nfacts are that EP reduced IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17 generation in human PBMCs, alleviated\nEAE in rats, and even more it practically prevented the second relapse.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25470819\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Endoplasmic\nreticulum stress mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl pyruvate in\nendothelial cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25333921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate inhibits HMGB1 phosphorylation and release by chelating calcium. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24819717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate decreases airway neutrophil infiltration partly through a high\nmobility group box 1-dependent mechanism in a chemical-induced murine&#8230; &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22943507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate diminishes the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide infusion in\nhorses. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22918642\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates endotoxin-induced corneal inflammation. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22640699\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate attenuates formalin-induced inflammatory nociception by inhibiting\nneuronal ERK phosphorylation. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22369644\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate induces heme oxygenase-1 through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase\nactivation by depletion of glutathione in RAW 264.7 cells and &#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22152811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Ethyl\npyruvate inhibited HMGB1 expression induced by LPS in macrophages]. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21551413\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Preventive\neffects of ethyl pyruvate on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21492212\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Preliminary\nsafety and biological efficacy studies of ethyl pyruvate in normal mature\nhorses. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21419499\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate decreases proinflammatory gene expression in\nlipopolysaccharide-stimulated equine monocytes. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21396682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">In vivo\nanticoagulant effect of ethyl pyruvate in endotoxemic rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21244758\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate therapy attenuates experimental severe arthritis caused by type II\ncollagen (CII) in the mouse (CIA). &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20969857\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Interaction\nof ethyl pyruvate in vitro with NF-\u03baB subunits, RelA and p50. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20965334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate diminishes the endotoxin-induced inflammatory response of bovine\nmammary endothelial cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20495301\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate downregulates tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 and\nupregulates IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated canine perip&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20302967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Inhibition\nby ethyl pyruvate of the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB in\ncultured lung epithelial cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19953001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate prevents inflammatory responses and organ damage during resuscitation\nin porcine hemorrhage. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19695165\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Effects\nof ethyl pyruvate on injuries of sepsis in mice]. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19555300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Can we\npredict the effects of NF-kappaB inhibition in sepsis? Studies with\nparthenolide and ethyl pyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19454652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate decreases HMGB1 release and ameliorates murine colitis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19430239\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effect\nof ethyl pyruvate on physical and immunological barriers of the small intestine\nin a rat model of sepsis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19172241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate improves survival in awake hemorrhage. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19050619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reduces the development of zymosan-induced generalized inflammation in\nmice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18625205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate and ethyl lactate down-regulate the production of pro-inflammatory\ncytokines and modulate expression of immune receptors. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18500358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate modulates acute inflammatory reactions in human endothelial cells in\nrelation to the NF-kappaB pathway. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18480149\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffects of ethyl pyruvate treatment on paraquat-intoxicated rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18344089\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Protective\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on barrier function of intestinal mucosa in dogs with\nseptic shock]. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18199399\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Effect\nof ethyl pyruvate on indices of tissue oxygenation and perfusion in dogs with\nseptic shock]. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17973549\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate, a potentially effective mitigator of damage after total-body\nirradiation. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17351912\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on msP rat leukocytes damaged by alcohol intake. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17309968\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beneficial\neffects of ethyl pyruvate in septic shock from peritonitis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17139374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate exerts combined anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects on human\nmonocytic cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16524498\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Effect\nof treatment with ethyl pyruvate on multiple organ dysfunction and mortality\nfollowing delayed resuscitation after burn injury in rat]. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16148477\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate improves systemic and hepatosplanchnic hemodynamics and prevents lipid\nperoxidation in a porcine model of resuscitated hyperdynamic &#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16004772\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Effects\nof ethyl pyruvate on splenocyte proliferation and apoptosis in burn rats with\ndelayed resuscitation]. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15636704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Effects\nof ethyl pyruvate on cell-mediated immune function in rats with delayed\nresuscitation after burn injury]. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15525791\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent signaling by directly\ntargeting p65. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12768116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ringer&#8217;s\nethyl pyruvate solution: a novel resuscitation fluid for the treatment of\nhemorrhagic shock and sepsis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12544977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate: a novel anti-inflammatory agent. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12490623\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in endotoxemic\nmice and immunostimulated caco-2 enterocytic monolayers. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12462557\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Resuscitation\nwith Ringer&#8217;s ethyl pyruvate solution prolongs survival and modulates plasma\ncytokine and nitrite\/nitrate concentrations in a rat mod&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12209006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate prevents lethality in mice with established lethal sepsis and systemic\ninflammation. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12069183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Resuscitation\nfrom hemorrhagic shock with Ringer&#8217;s ethyl pyruvate solution improves survival\nand ameliorates intestinal mucosal hyperpermeability i&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12065309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate modulates inflammatory gene expression in mice subjected to\nhemorrhagic shock. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11844984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reactive\noxygen species as mediators of organ dysfunction caused by sepsis, acute\nrespiratory distress syndrome, or hemorrhagic shock: potential be&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11376508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ringer&#8217;s\nethyl pyruvate solution: a novel resuscitation fluid. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n4. CVD<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12595283\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acetoacetate\naugments beta-adrenergic inotropism of stunned myocardium by an antioxidant\nmechanism. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29885697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate: A promising feasible therapeutic approach for myocardial\nischemia-reperfusion injury under both normoglycemia and hyperglycemia. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29169909\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury exacerbated by\nhyperglycemia via retained inhibitory effect on HMGB1. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29370236\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate inhibits oxidation of LDL in vitro and attenuates oxLDL toxicity in\nEA.hy926 cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28538193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate protects PC12 cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation: A potential role\nin ischemic cerebrovascular disease. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27995262\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anti-apoptotic\nand myocardial protective effects of ethyl pyruvate after regional\nischaemia\/reperfusion myocardial damage in an in vivo rat model. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27882138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Impact\nof ethyl pyruvate on Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26696442\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects\nof Ethyl Pyruvate in Preventing the Development of Diet-induced Atherosclerosis\nby Blocking the HMGB1 Expression in ApoE-Deficient Mice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25780465\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Role of\nhigh-mobility group box-1 in myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury and the\neffect of ethyl pyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24940411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects\nof ethyl pyruvate on cardiac function recovery and apoptosis reduction after\nglobal cold ischemia and reperfusion. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23671872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate prevents methyglyoxal-induced retinal vascular injury in rats. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21556772\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reduces myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting high\nmobility group box 1 protein in rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20879048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate has anti-inflammatory and delayed myocardial protective effects after\nregional ischemia\/reperfusion injury. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19818545\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate enhances intra-resuscitation hemodynamics in prolonged ventricular\nfibrillation arrest. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18563323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects\nof ethyl pyruvate on myocardial apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax\nproteins after ischemia-reperfusion in rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16352248\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate enhances ATP levels, reduces oxidative stress and preserves cardiac\nfunction in a rat model of off-pump coronary bypass. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15115981\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate preserves cardiac function and attenuates oxidative injury after\nprolonged myocardial ischemia. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n5. GI\/Liver\/Kidney\/Pancreas\/Lungs<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7395994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prevention\nof maleate-induced tubular dysfunction by acetoacetate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30611702\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate and analogs as potential treatments for acute pancreatitis: A review\nof in vitro and in vivo studies. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30382544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prophylactic\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury mediated through\noxidative stress. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30352436\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\nPyruvate Attenuates CaCl2-Induced Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury by Inhibiting\nAutophagy and Inflammatory Responses. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29725369\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl pyruvate\ncan alleviate alcoholic liver disease through inhibiting Nrf2 signaling\npathway. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29560444\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury and prevents cellular\ninjury induced by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29526883\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\nPyruvate Improves Pulmonary Function in Mice with Bleomycin-induced Lung Injury\nas Monitored with Hyperpolarized 129Xe MR Imaging. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29420582\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates hepatic injury following blunt chest trauma and\nhemorrhagic shock by reducing local inflammation, NF-kappaB activation a&#8230; &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29195627\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate is renoprotective against ischemia-reperfusion injury under\nhyperglycemia. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29102048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reduces acute lung damage following trauma and hemorrhagic shock via\ninhibition of NF-\u03baB and HMGB1. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28601590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hepatoprotective\neffects of ethyl pyruvate against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis via inhibition\nof TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling and up-regulation of MMPs\/T&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28570981\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate alleviates radiation-induced lung injury in mice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28155974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The\npotential beneficial effects of ethyl pyruvate on diabetic nephropathy: an\nexperimental and ultrastructural study. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28098908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffects of ethyl pyruvate on lipopolysaccharide\u2011induced acute lung injury\nthrough inhibition of autophagy in neutrophils. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27689918\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treatment\nresponse of ethyl pyruvate in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary\ndisease studied by hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27354791\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Intratracheal\ninstillation of ethyl pyruvate nanoparticles prevents the development of\nshunt-flow-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in a rat &#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27010523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Preventive\nEffect of Ethyl Pyruvate on Postoperative Adhesion Formation Following\nAbdominal Surgery. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26541861\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting the HMGB1-Th17\nand Th1\/Tc1 responses. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26019553\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffects of ethyl pyruvate in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25954992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pre- or\npost-treatment with ethanol and ethyl pyruvate results in distinct\nanti-inflammatory responses of human lung epithelial cells triggered by &#8230; &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25530684\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Decreased\ninflammatory responses of human lung epithelial cells after ethanol exposure\nare mimicked by ethyl pyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25126977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Preventing\nintraperitoneal adhesions with ethyl pyruvate and hyaluronic\nacid\/carboxymethylcellulose: a comparative study in an experimental model. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24575415\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Role of\nethyl pyruvate in systemic inflammatory response and lung injury in an\nexperimental model of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24498418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate pretreatment attenuates concanavalin a-induced autoimmune hepatitis in\nmice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24492475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in\nrats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24453420\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting\nintrinsic pathway of apoptosis and autophagy. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24361892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of hepatocellular\ncarcinoma via regulation of the HMGB1-RAGE and AKT pathways. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23896834\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl-pyruvate\nreduces lung injury matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines and improves\nsurvival in experimental model of severe acute pancreatitis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23883694\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The\neffect of ethyl pyruvate supplementation on rat fatty liver induced by a\nhigh-fat diet. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23600830\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate significantly inhibits tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-1\u03b2 and\nhigh mobility group box 1 releasing and attenuates sodium tauroc&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23558073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate prevents inflammatory factors release and decreases intestinal\npermeability in rats with D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure. &#8211; PubMed\n&#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23155311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate protects against experimental acute-on-chronic liver failure in rats.\n&#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23082705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on liver injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic\nrats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22717227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on pancreas injury in rats with severe acute\npancreatitis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22715434\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reduces ventilation-induced neutrophil infiltration and oxidative\nstress. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22699144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Therapeutic\ntreatment with ethyl pyruvate attenuates the severity of liver injury in rats\nwith severe acute pancreatitis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22298750\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate improves healing of colonic anastomosis in a rat model of peritonitis.\n&#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22129969\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates albuminuria and glomerular injury in the animal model of\ndiabetic nephropathy. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21818760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate protects rats from phosgene-induced pulmonary edema by inhibiting\ncyclooxygenase2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21324485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reduces acute lung injury via regulation of iNOS and HO-1 expression\nin endotoxemic rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21190605\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Effect\nof ethyl pyruvate on expression of inflammatory factors and mitogen-activated\nprotein kinase proteins in renal ischemic\/reperfusion injury &#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19959189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects\nof ethyl pyruvate and other \u03b1-keto carboxylic acid derivatives in a rat model\nof multivisceral ischemia and reperfusion. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19799777\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reduces mortality in an endotoxin-induced severe acute lung injury\nmouse model. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19628226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate prevents intestinal inflammatory response and oxidative stress in a\nrat model of extrahepatic cholestasis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19345231\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate modulates adhesive and secretory reactions in human lung epithelial\ncells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19064591\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate protects colonic anastomosis from ischemia-reperfusion injury. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19027919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates liver injury secondary to severe acute pancreatitis. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18790172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The role\nof high-mobility group box-1 in renal ischemia and reperfusion injury and the\neffect of ethyl pyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18680237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Delayed\nethyl pyruvate therapy attenuates experimental severe acute pancreatitis via\nreduced serum high mobility group box 1 levels in rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18067720\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Effect\nof ethyl pyruvate on renal high mobility group box-1 protein expression and\nacute kidney injury in rats with delayed resuscitation after th&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17914505\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The\nprotective effect of ethyl pyruvate on lung injury after burn in rats. &#8211; PubMed\n&#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17895847\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate improves survival and ameliorates distant organ injury in rats with\nsevere acute pancreatitis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17577142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Intrapulmonary\ndelivery of ethyl pyruvate attenuates lipopolysaccharide- and lipoteichoic\nacid-induced lung inflammation in vivo. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17574585\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and attenuates pulmonary\nartery cytokine expression. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17574580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on oxidative stress in intestine and bacterial\ntranslocation after thermal injury. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16524507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Effect\nof ethyl pyruvate on peroxidation injury of intestinal mucosa in rats with\nsevere abdominal infection]. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16356237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bench-to-bedside\nreview: Amelioration of acute renal impairment using ethyl pyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16213909\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates ileus induced by bowel manipulation in mice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15665768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by decreasing hepatic\nnecrosis and apoptosis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15377894\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reduces liver injury in a murine model of extrahepatic cholestasis. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15241088\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates distant organ injury in a murine model of acute\nnecrotizing pancreatitis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14647036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates acute alcohol-induced liver injury and inflammation in\nmice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14625476\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate provides durable protection against inflammation-induced intestinal\nepithelial barrier dysfunction. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14531793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate decreases sepsis-induced acute renal failure and multiple organ damage\nin aged mice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12955182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dose-dependent\neffects of ethyl pyruvate in mice subjected to mesenteric ischemia and\nreperfusion. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11505117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ringer&#8217;s\nethyl pyruvate solution ameliorates ischemia\/reperfusion-induced intestinal\nmucosal injury in rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n6. Brain\/CNS\/Mood\/Muscle\/Vision<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28294308\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Neuronal\ninhibition and seizure suppression by acetoacetate and its analog,\n2-phenylbutyrate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26645687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acetoacetate\nAccelerates Muscle Regeneration and Ameliorates Muscular Dystrophy in Mice. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16435389\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acetoacetate\nprotects neuronal cells from oxidative glutamate toxicity. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12890508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acetoacetate\nprotects hippocampal neurons against glutamate-mediated neuronal damage during\nglycolysis inhibition. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6733142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acetoacetate\nis a cholesterogenic precursor for myelinating rat brain and spinal cord.\nIncorporation of label from [3-14C]acetoacetate, [14C]glucos&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30160153\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate prevents from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via preserving cognitive\nfunction and decreasing oxidative stress, caspase 3 activation&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28836378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate does not require microglia for mediating neuroprotection after\nexcitotoxic injury. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28236213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\nPyruvate Attenuates Early Brain Injury Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the\nEndovascular Perforation Rabbit Model Possibly Via Anti-infla&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27776698\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate modulates delayed paralysis following thoracic aortic ischemia\nreperfusion in mice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27324856\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The\neffect of ethyl pyruvate and N-acetylcysteine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in\nan experimental model of ischemic stroke. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27072679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate alleviates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage in\nrats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26850126\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Neuroprotective\neffect of ethyl pyruvate against Zn(2+) toxicity via NAD replenishment and\ndirect Zn(2+) chelation. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026However, when cortical neurons were exposed to acute treatment of Zn(2+) (400\n\u03bcM, 15 min), EP, but not pyruvate, significantly suppressed neuronal death,\ndespite the fact that NAD replenishment by EP was weaker than that by pyruvate.\nSpectrophotometric studies revealed that EP directly chelates Zn(2+), and this\nwas confirmed in physiological contexts, such as, NMDA-treated primary cortical\ncultures and OGD-subjected hippocampal slice cultures, in which EP suppressed\nintracellular Zn(2+) elevation and neuronal cell death. In addition, EP\nmarkedly reduced the expressions of PARP-1 and of the NADPH oxidase subunit in\nZn(2+)-treated primary cortical neurons, well known Zn(2+)-induced downstream\nprocesses. Together, these results show EP suppresses Zn(2+) induced\nneurotoxicity via dual functions, chelating Zn(2+) and promoting NAD\nreplenishment.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26054669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Short\nterm exposure to ethyl pyruvate has long term anti-inflammatory effects on\nmicroglial cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25999282\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Combination\ntreatment with ethyl pyruvate and IGF-I exerts neuroprotective effects against\nbrain injury in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25533312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate protects against blood-brain barrier damage and improves long-term\nneurological outcomes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24576481\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal toxicity through\nanti-neuronal cell death and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24371837\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate inhibits retinal pathogenic neovascularization by downregulating HMGB1\nexpression. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24246904\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate inhibits HMGB1 phosphorylation and secretion in activated microglia\nand in the postischemic brain. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23821591\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Neuroprotective\neffects of \u03b1-ketoglutarate and ethyl pyruvate against motor dysfunction and\noxidative changes caused by repeated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23805037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate treatment mitigates oxidative stress damage in cultured trabecular\nmeshwork cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23624063\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate ameliorates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury through\nanti-cell death and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23614074\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effect\nof ethyl pyruvate on Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in rats. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23471594\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Improvement\nof hypoxia-ischemia-induced white matter injury in immature rat brain by ethyl\npyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23280059\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced white matter injury in the\ndeveloping rat brain. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23091681\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects\nof Ethyl Pyruvate on Allodynia, TNF-\u03b1 Expression, and Apoptosis in the Dorsal\nRoot Ganglion after Spinal Nerve Ligation Injury. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22142175\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate promotes spinal cord repair by ameliorating the glial\nmicroenvironment. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21772666\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beneficial\neffects of ethyl pyruvate through inhibiting high-mobility group box 1\nexpression and TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway after traumatic brain injury in&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21685323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate rescues nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons by regulating glial\nactivation in a mouse model of Parkinson&#8217;s disease. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21316417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Inhibitory\nmechanism of MMP-9 gene expression by ethyl pyruvate in\nlipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21217488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Postischemic\ntreatment with ethyl pyruvate prevents adenosine triphosphate depletion,\nameliorates inflammation, and decreases thrombosis in a murin&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20670624\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beneficial\neffects of sodium or ethyl pyruvate after traumatic brain injury in the rat. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20307492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate has a neuroprotective effect through activation of extracellular\nsignal-regulated kinase in Parkinson&#8217;s disease model. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20053976\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Responses\nof cultured human keratocytes and myofibroblasts to ethyl pyruvate: a\nmicroarray analysis of gene expression. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20026271\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury via anti-cell death and\nanti-inflammatory mechanisms. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19768540\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate inhibits peroxynitrite-induced DNA damage and hydroxyl radical\ngeneration: implications for neuroprotection. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19636661\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Combination\ntreatment with ethyl pyruvate and aspirin enhances neuroprotection in the\npostischemic brain. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19417608\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate attenuates spinal cord ischemic injury with a wide therapeutic window\nthrough inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 release in rabbits. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19041675\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Antioxidant\neffect of ethyl pyruvate in respiring neonatal cerebrocortical slices after\nH(2)O(2) stress. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18985448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Neuroprotective\neffects of ethyl pyruvate on brain energy metabolism after ischemia-reperfusion\ninjury: a 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance study. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18948848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beneficial\neffects of ethyl pyruvate in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18625301\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting ROS-dependent STAT\nsignaling in activated microglia. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17893460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Exogenous\nethyl pyruvate versus pyruvate during metabolic recovery after oxidative stress\nin neonatal rat cerebrocortical slices. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16958132\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate attenuates kainic acid-induced neuronal cell death in the mouse\nhippocampus. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16374049\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oxidative\ndamage to lens in culture: reversibility by pyruvate and ethyl pyruvate. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16226231\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anti-inflammatory\nmechanism is involved in ethyl pyruvate-mediated efficacious neuroprotection in\nthe postischemic brain. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16141417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Inhibition\nof the cerebral ischemic injury by ethyl pyruvate with a wide therapeutic\nwindow. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15680254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate protects PC12 cells from dopamine-induced apoptosis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10569189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attenuation\nof sugar cataract by ethyl pyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n7. Sexuality\/Reproduction<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27441057\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attenuation\nof Methotrexate-Induced Embryotoxicity and Oxidative Stress by Ethyl Pyruvate.\n&#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27226889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on mice sperm parameters in phenylhydrazine induced\nhemolytic anemia. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27123204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\nPyruvate Ameliorates The Damage Induced by Cyclophosphamide on Adult Mice\nTestes. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26221128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffects of ethyl pyruvate on sperm quality in cyclophosphamide treated mice. &#8211;\nPubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25291349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovary:\nbiochemical and histopathological evaluation. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24551573\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protective\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on epididymal sperm characteristics, oxidative stress\nand testosterone level in methotrexate treated mice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22717346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A\ncomparison of the effects of N-acetylcysteine and ethyl pyruvate on experimental\ntesticular ischemia-reperfusion injury. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18405719\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate reduces germ cell-specific apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat model\nof testicular torsion\/detorsion. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n8. Cancer<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30417494\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pyruvic\nacid\/ethyl pyruvate inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells through\nPI3K\/AKT, GSK3\u03b2, and ROS-ERK signaling pathways. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30008929\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Suppressed\nepithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties mediate the\nanti-cancer effects of ethyl pyruvate via regulation of th&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28186988\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HMGB1\ntargeting by ethyl pyruvate suppresses malignant phenotype of human\nmesothelioma. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27579985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\nPyruvate Combats Human Leukemia Cells but Spares Normal Blood Cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24288766\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Immunomodulating\neffect of ethyl pyruvate on nonsyngenic transplanted tumor in mice. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24105621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Exploring\nglyoxalase 1 expression in prostate cancer tissues: targeting the enzyme by\nethyl pyruvate defangs some malignancy-associated properties. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23298486\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate administration suppresses growth and invasion of gallbladder cancer\ncells via downregulation of HMGB1-RAGE axis. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22453153\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Accelerated\nrejection of the second transplants of immunogenic tumor in mice under\ninhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity by ethyl pyru&#8230; &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21333439\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate, an anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits tumor angiogenesis through\ninhibition of the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20160032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Immunotherapeutic\nsuppression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor growth with ethyl\npyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026Our findings that IDO is effectively blocked by EP treatment deepens emerging\nlinks between IDO and inflammatory processes. Further, these findings\nrationalize oncological applications for this agent, by providing a compelling\nbasis to reposition EP as a low cost immunochemotherapy for clinical evaluation\nin cancer patients.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19584311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate administration inhibits hepatic tumor growth. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17611636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate induces necrosis-to-apoptosis switch and inhibits high mobility group\nbox protein 1 release in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n9. Infection\/Pathogen<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29341217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acetoacetate\nand ethyl acetoacetate as novel inhibitors of bacterial biofilm. &#8211; PubMed &#8211;\nNCBI<\/a> (EA)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30623442\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate (EP) suppressed postharvest blue mold of sweet cherry fruit by\ninhibiting the growth of Penicillium oxalicum. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27658257\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\nPyruvate: An Anti-Microbial Agent that Selectively Targets Pathobionts and\nBiofilms. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n\u201c\u2026The microbiota has a strong influence on health and disease in humans. A\ncausative shift favoring pathobionts is strongly linked to diseases. Therefore,\nanti-microbial agents selectively targeting potential pathogens as well as\ntheir biofilms are urgently demanded. Here we demonstrate the impact of ethyl\npyruvate, so far known as ROS scavenger and anti-inflammatory agent, on\nplanktonic microbes and biofilms. Ethyl pyruvate combats preferably the growth\nof pathobionts belonging to bacteria and fungi independent of the genera and\nprevailing drug resistance. Surprisingly, this anti-microbial agent preserves symbionts\nlike Lactobacillus species. Moreover, ethyl pyruvate prevents the formation of\nbiofilms and promotes matured biofilms dissolution. This potentially new\nanti-microbial and anti-biofilm agent could have a tremendous positive impact\non human, veterinary medicine and technical industry as well.\u201d<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27026909\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\npyruvate attenuated coxsackievirus B3-induced acute viral myocarditis by\nsuppression of HMGB1\/RAGE\/NF-\u039aB pathway. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26340747\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethyl\nPyruvate Emerges as a Safe and Fast Acting Agent against Trypanosoma brucei by\nTargeting Pyruvate Kinase Activity. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a> (EP)<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22691467\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Decontamination\nof green onions and baby spinach by vaporized ethyl pyruvate. &#8211; PubMed &#8211; NCBI<\/a>\n(EP)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"advgb-recent-posts-block list-view\"><div class=\"advgb-recent-posts\"><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8e%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b4-%d0%b2%d1%8a%d1%80%d1%85%d1%83-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%ba%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b1\/\">\u0420\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430: \u041c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 18.02.2026<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8e%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b4-%d0%b2%d1%8a%d1%80%d1%85%d1%83-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%ba%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b1\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/hidroksiapatit-v-oralnata-grizha\/\">\u0425\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0430: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0444\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 06.01.2026<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/hidroksiapatit-v-oralnata-grizha\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/kolko-presni-portokala-sa-vi-neobhodimi-za-da-izchistite-chernia-si-drob-ot-maznini\/\">\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0438?<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 16.06.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/kolko-presni-portokala-sa-vi-neobhodimi-za-da-izchistite-chernia-si-drob-ot-maznini\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/hronichniyat-stres-ponizhava-dopamina-i-prichinyava-psihichni-zabolyavania\/\">\u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 11.06.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/hronichniyat-stres-ponizhava-dopamina-i-prichinyava-psihichni-zabolyavania\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/estrogenat-i-kortizolat-a-ne-androgenite-potiskat-imuniteta\/\">\u0415\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044a\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044a\u0442, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 26.05.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/estrogenat-i-kortizolat-a-ne-androgenite-potiskat-imuniteta\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/inhibiraneto-na-aromatazata-za-namalyavane-na-estrogena-mozhe-da-dovede-do-lechenie-na-rak-na-stomaha\/\">\u0418\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430 (\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430) \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445\u0430.<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 26.05.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/inhibiraneto-na-aromatazata-za-namalyavane-na-estrogena-mozhe-da-dovede-do-lechenie-na-rak-na-stomaha\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/potisnatiyat-imunitet-a-ne-virusite-hpv-mozhe-da-e-prichina-za-raka-na-kozhata\/\">\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 (HPV), \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 25.05.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/potisnatiyat-imunitet-a-ne-virusite-hpv-mozhe-da-e-prichina-za-raka-na-kozhata\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/vitamin-k-mozhe-da-lekuva-levkemia\/\">\u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d \u041a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 19.05.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/vitamin-k-mozhe-da-lekuva-levkemia\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/vitamin-d-mozhe-da-spre-rastezha-na-melanoma\/\">\u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d D \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 19.05.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/vitamin-d-mozhe-da-spre-rastezha-na-melanoma\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/povisheniyat-sintez-na-mastni-kiselini-fas-e-prosto-priznak-za-nedostig-na-kislorod-nisak-metabolizam\/\">\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438 (FAS) \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \/ \u043d\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 19.05.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/povisheniyat-sintez-na-mastni-kiselini-fas-e-prosto-priznak-za-nedostig-na-kislorod-nisak-metabolizam\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/pnmk-sa-imunosupresivni-a-gladuvaneto-i-ogranichavaneto-na-proteinite-veroyatno-nanasyat-oshte-po-golyama-vreda\/\">\u041f\u041d\u041c\u041a \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 (\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e) \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 18.05.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/pnmk-sa-imunosupresivni-a-gladuvaneto-i-ogranichavaneto-na-proteinite-veroyatno-nanasyat-oshte-po-golyama-vreda\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/horata-imat-podobna-na-salamandar-sposobnost-da-vazstanovyavat-hrushtyali\/\">\u0425\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0443\u0449\u044f\u043b\u0438<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 07.05.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/horata-imat-podobna-na-salamandar-sposobnost-da-vazstanovyavat-hrushtyali\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"advgb-recent-post advgb-recent-post--no-image\"><div class=\"advgb-post-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"advgb-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/povishenite-niva-na-sue-i-chhg-sa-silni-indikatori-za-predstoyashta-diagnoza-rak\/\">\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0415 \u0438 \u0427\u0425\u0413 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043a<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"advgb-post-info\"><span class=\"advgb-post-datetime\">Posted on 07.05.2025<\/span><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-content\"><div class=\"advgb-post-excerpt\"><\/div><div class=\"advgb-post-readmore\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/povishenite-niva-na-sue-i-chhg-sa-silni-indikatori-za-predstoyashta-diagnoza-rak\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e. \u0414-\u0440 \u0420\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u0438\u0439\u0442 \u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u044f, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u041d\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0434, \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15388,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[850,184],"tags":[989,990,993,988,609,877,607,992,991,994,201],"class_list":["post-15328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haidut","category-idealabs","tag-ethyl-acetoacetate","tag-ethyl-pyruvate","tag-nad-nadh","tag-pyrucet","tag-609","tag-877","tag-607","tag-992","tag-991","tag-994","tag-201"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PYRUCET - \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b-\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\/\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043e-\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442 - \u0423\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0439<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/xenobg.com\/el\/pyrucet-idealabs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PYRUCET - \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b-\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\/\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043e-\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" 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