Повишеният синтез на мастни киселини (FAS) е просто признак за недостиг на кислород / нисък метаболизъм

Само една бърза публикация за проучване, което дава представа за това как повишеното окисление на мастните киселини може „парадоксално“ да доведе и до повишен синтез на мастни киселини, като по този начин води до порочен кръг, който най-често се наблюдава при диабет и рак. В една от последните ми публикации се обсъждаше много по-ново проучване, което показва същия ефект, дължащ се на ацидоза/окисление на мастни киселини.

https://xenobg.com/atsidozata-efekt-na-varburg-stimulira-raka-chrez-povisheno-okislenie-na-mazninite-tsikal-na-randal/

Повишената оксидация на мастни киселини увеличава съотношението NADH/NAD в митохондриите, както е при цикъла на Рандъл, и това има широкообхватни ефекти върху цялата метаболитна каскада.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randle_cycle

“…The impairment of glucose metabolism by fatty acid oxidation is mediated by the short-term inhibition of several glycolytic processes. The extent of inhibition increases along the glycolytic pathway, being most severe at the level of pyruvate dehydrogenase and less severe at the level of glucose uptake and 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1).^[5] This sequence occurs because of the initial event, triggered by fatty acid oxidation, is an increase in the mitochondrial ratios of [acetyl-CoA]/[CoA] and [NADH]/[NAD+]. These both serve to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.^[7] It has been proposed that these changes lead to an accumulation of cytosolic citrate, which in turn inhibits PFK-1, followed by an increase in glucose 6-phosphate, which eventually inhibits hexokinase.^[5]“

This increase in the NADH/NAD ratio as a result of increased FAO creates “oxygen debt”. In such a situation, the acetyl-CoA units coming into the Krebs cycle cannot be paired with sufficient amounts of the terminal electron acceptor (oxygen). As a result, those extra electrons (acetyl-CoA) have to go somewhere and there are only a few available “side channels” for metabolizing those extra electrons. Synthesizing fats is one such channel, and synthesizing nucleic acids and cholesterol two other such channels. The first two of these are highly upregulated in cancer and diabetes, while the latter is an extremely common sign seen with advancing age. So, elevated cholesterol is simply one of the most common (and more benign) signs of declining metabolism, and the other two corroborate yet again the “Warburg Hypothesis” – i.e. cancer is simply a metabolic defect characterized by oxygen deficiency and increase FAO/FAS, and both of these phenomena promote each other. Restoring oxygen availability by inhibiting FAO and/or providing alternative electron acceptors such as methylene blue or other quinones may quickly reverse this “defect”.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4383531

“…When the NADH : NAD+ ratio decreases rapidly, such as in State 3, fatty acid oxidation commences, including oxidation of the recently synthesized fatty acids. It is postulated that the synthetic system is the reversal of the oxidation process and that there is present, therefore, a fatty acid oxidation/synthesis “cycle.” The rate of activity of this cycle in either direction is controlled by the NADH: NAD+ ratio. On the basis of the present experiments, the concept has been developed that the mitochondrial fatty acid-synthetic pathway represents a storage form of acetyl units during the development of “oxygen debt.” When oxygen is again readily available, these acetyl units are oxidized to yield energy.”

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